1959 ULI Film on Urban Sprawl

It's interesting to see how our understanding of "efficient use of land" has changed over the last 50 years. The video, in many ways, is incredibly prescient in its diagnosis of the causes and effects of unchecked urban sprawl. Its ideas, however, for curing these problems seem somewhat antiquated and have become problems themselves, like the overuse of cul-de-sacs in planned unit developments. Either way, it's an interesting historical planning document that's worth watching.

Next CicLAvia - Sunday October 9, 2011

With new north and south spurs, the next CicLAvia is scheduled from 10am to 3pm this Sunday, Oct. 9. Come join us and explore the recreational, cultural and social possibilities when ten miles of city streets are closed temporarily to car traffic.

Source: CicLAvia.org

Times Critic Reviews New West Hollywood Library

Los Angeles Times architecture critic, Christopher Hawthorne, recently reviewed the new West Hollywood Library, which also contains new chambers and meeting space for the West Hollywood City Council. Hawthorne' full review can be read here.

Source: Los Angeles Times

Hawthorne begins his review with a decidedly positive summary: "The new West Hollywood Library, set to open to the public Saturday on a curving stretch of San Vicente Boulevard across from the Pacific Design Center, is a building that offers a freewheeling tour through centuries of architectural history. Explicitly or implicitly, it points back to the work of Charles Moore, Pierre Koenig, Frank Gehry and even Michelangelo...Whatever you want to call its style (the first local stirrings of a postmodern revival, maybe?), it sounds altogether too busy and too stuffed with architectural influences to succeed. And yet it does succeed — beautifully."

Source: Los Angeles Times

Rarely does Hawthorne offer such a glowing review of public works projects. He concludes his review with a poignant observation that resonates well beyond the walls of West Hollywood's newest civic achievement: "But after many decades of existing as an essentially privatized metropolis — with mostly residential architectural landmarks to match — our region is being forced, as it grows denser, to relearn the art of civic architecture and to reengage the public realm. And in that sense the library is a tremendously encouraging achievement."

1928 Los Angeles Transit Map

Check out this transit map from 1928, twelve years before the Arroyo Seco Parkway opened as the first freeway in the region. It's interesting to see Los Angeles devoid of freeways - they are the physical markers that shape the contours of many of the city's neighborhoods, determine our common understanding of place, and orient our conception of the region's geography. Take some time to study the map and try to understand the city without the mental markers provided by today's freeways.

Map scan source: David Rumsey Map Collection

You can read more about the map and its similarities to existing bus lines at Metro's blog, The Source.

Explore the 2010 Census

Use CNN's new interactive map to track demographic and population changes over the past ten years. These statistics are culled from the most recent 2010 census. It is interesting to alter the scale (census tract, county, state) when selecting from the pull down menu of population and demographic categories.

Source: CNN.com

Notice that when you select "population density" by "census tract" it becomes very clear that the densest and most populated parts of our country are concentrated exclusively in metropolitan regions, with Los Angeles being one of the largest (below).

Source: CNN.com

Urbanology from the BMW Guggenheim Lab

TheCityFix announced recently, "the BMW Guggenheim Lab released an online urban planning game, “Urbanology,” as a platform to explore urban issues...Each player assumes the role of a decision maker and answers questions to determine the priorities of a fictitious city. By answering “yes” or “no” to questions like, “Will you double the cost of public transport to fund its conversion to a carbon-neutral system?” or “Will you pay for a free bike service in your city?” players build a city that best matches their urban ideology."

The article goes on to describe the game's creator, the BMW Guggenheim Lab, as a "mobile laboratory that will travel to nine major cities worldwide over a six-year period to address issues of contemporary urban life through programs and public discourse. The lab is an international group of urban planners, architects, artists, designers, scientists, as well as experts in technology, education and sustainability who explore new ideas, experiment and create forward-thinking solutions to the challenges of urban life.

The lab functions partly as an urban think tank and partly as a community center, initiating public discussion on issues that affect livability, sustainability, public health and transportation in cities. Urbanology is an online extension of the physical installation and the theoretical discussion. In addition to answering questions, players can also suggest additional questions, which can serve as a global exchange of ideas and lead the discussion on urban issues."

Though Urbanology is an interesting thought experiment for those willing to test their personal beliefs against some of today's most pressing urban issues, TheCityFix correctly points out that "it also oversimplifies the decision-making process and provides too little context for the fictitious city. For example, deciding to put affordable housing in a vacant lot over a five-star hotel may increase a city’s affordability for its citizens but decrease lifestyle points, making your city less attractive to tourists. Making such abstract decisions without having the necessary context, like knowing the average household income or demographics, may have the opposite of the desired outcome for your fictitious city."

You can play the game here and decide for yourself. For what it's worth, my city is Singapore. 

1906 Los Angeles Transit Map

Here is another interesting post from the Big Map Blog. Notice how many of today's transit lines trace routes used over 100 years ago (Blue, Expo and Gold Lines). This is due to the fact that many of the city's old rail right-of-ways were never developed nor put to any other use after they were decommissioned.

Walk Score for 95 LA Neighborhoods

Though not necessarily the best or only metric for determining walkability, Walk Score is still a fairly useful guide for comparing different neighborhoods and understanding the relationship between amenities (shops, restaurants, grocery stores, etc.), public transit accessibility and other computable factors that determine walkability. You can read about Walk Score's methodology here.

Walk Score released its most recent rankings for "Los Angeles' Most Walkable Neighborhoods." Click on the link for the full list and to see your neighborhood ranking.

Source: Walk Score

Water Wise House in Mt. Washington

Mt. Washington Home. Source: LA Times

"Those who follow sustainable design say the new residence could very well be one of the most water-efficient houses in the region, a milestone for L.A. as the city seeks better models of conservation. The Nob Hill Haus, as its owner-designers call it, could serve as a template for the house of the future here." (Click here for a link to the full LA Times story.)

Laundry, bath, and sink water flows into this tank before traveling through perforated underground pipes that feed plants. Source LA Times

Partners Frank Pasker and Grit Leipert "let California's scarcity of two resources — power and water — shape the design philosophy for" their new 2,400 square foot Mt. Washington home, which is designed to reduce energy and water consumption to the greatest extent possible. The couple's ultimate goal is to make it a net-zero energy home.

The Los Angeles region is poised to grow considerably over the next couple decades and a similar "design philosophy" is needed for the region to grow sustainably. Climate scientists predict drier and shorter Sierra winters, which means less water for Southern California. As Pasker points out, "California challenges you to do something because of the climate...You want to work with the climate, not against it." Working with the climate, with a particular focus on energy and water, will become the hallmark of successful sustainable design and help shape the future of development in Southern California.

Composting Bins. Souce: LA Times

Green Credentials:

• Gravity fed grey water system with no pumps, filters or electrical devices
• Grey water system treats 160 gallons of water per day, which then waters the yard through a series of underground perforated pipes
• 1,500 gallon cistern used to capture rainwater and water backyard plants
• 50% water use reduction from the typical Los Angeles home
• 120 gallon roof-mounted solar water heater
• 50% thicker walls than required to reduce heating/cooling needs
• 3.2 kilowatt solar array designed to offset any electricity use

1,500 gallon cistern, which holds captured rainwater for plant watering. Source LA Times

Transit Adjacent Markets

Here's a new form of transit-oriented development: Transit Adjacent Markets. The most interesting aspect of this clip is the efficient use of space, common sense understanding of public safety, and informal use of land. The speed with which the life and urban atmosphere of the market is dismantled and reconstructed is impressive and makes one realize that cities often do not need complex and expensive investments to breath life into formerly neglected spaces.

Los Angeles, 1877

The map below is from the BIG Map Blog. It provides a sense of what the landscape looked like in Southern California as it began to urbanize. Bunker Hill is in the distance and you can even see Pico House (#20), which still stands today.

Convert Plastic Into Oil

Akinori Ito developed a machine that converts plastic into oil. Watch the video.

CicLAvia Reminder - This Sunday 4/10/11

Source: CicLAvia.org

Don't forget to enjoy the second CicLAvia this weekend from 10 am to 3 pm on Sunday. A message from the sponsors:

CicLAvia opens LA streets to pedestrians and bicyclists, creating a temporary web of public space on which residents of Los Angeles can walk, bike, socialize, celebrate and learn more about their own city. On 4/10/11, 7.5 miles of roadways will temporarily close to car traffic and open for recreational purposes. From Boyle Heights to Downtown, MacArthur Park to East Hollywood, CicLAvia encourages Angelenos to not only make active use of their streets, but to rediscover the roadways and neighborhoods that too often go unnoticed in a car. Help open LA’s streets… take part in the second CicLAvia on 4/10/11.

Los Angeles, 1871

NEXT ECO-CITY // Emergent Urban Symposium

The University of Washington's Landscape Architecture Department is hosting the "Emergent Urban Symposium" this Thursday. Much of what will be discussed is at the heart of today's discourse on urban sustainability, particularly the symposium's emphasis on interconnectedness, contingency (as a response to complexity and uncertainty), the importance of planning at multiple scales and environmental resilience. Below is the description from their website.

Urban environments worldwide are in the midst of multiple shifts, driven by interconnected flows in capital, people, and resources at local, regional and global scales. It impacts not only cities but also the network of social and ecological systems well beyond their borders. In contrast to the complexity of today's urbanization, the concept of the "Eco-City", arguably dating back to the ideal of the 19th Century Garden City, seems like an overly simplistic and utopian vision. Yet, the imagery and language of an idealized "Eco-City" continue to shape the planning and design of contemporary cities while disregarding the vital complexity of contemporary urban conditions and issues. This symposium will examine today's multifaceted urban environment in order to explore emerging theories and practices that will enable us to address these critical issues. Specifically, it investigates three areas of knowledge and practices: emergent ecologies, emergent cities, and emergent tactics.

Emerging Ecologies
While early attempts to conceptualize urban ecological conditions primarily focused on traditional ecological methods and subjects, a new paradigm is emerging that embraces the complexity and uncertainty associated with coupled human/natural systems. This session explores the relationships between environment, equity, economy, and design in our rapidly urbanizing world.

Emerging CitiesThis session examines the dynamics and implications of rapid urban growth in the emerging mega-cities of the global south. Critically engaging issues of environmental resilience and social equity as they relate to urban form at multiples scales, it explores the present and potential evolution of design, technology, policy and practice in these contexts.

Emerging TacticsThis session focuses on new approaches to remaking the urban environment that are distinct from the paradigm of master planning and conventional practice of design. It examines how seeing the urban landscape as a set of systemic and interactive matrices with interconnected and spontaneous possibilities can inspire new approaches and methods in design and implementation.

 

Parking Lots as Solar Farms

There are ways to transform surface parking lots, which are altogether too numerous in Los Angeles, from an eyesore into a resource. Surface parking lots can be planted with "solar groves" - rows of solar panels - that generate electricity for immediate use (electric charging stations) or provide renewable energy for the grid. 

Retrofitting existing parking lots is not terribly difficult and parking capacity is unaffected. In fact, providing electric vehicle owners with a simple and affordable way to recharge their cars while in the office or while out running errands will reduce "range anxiety" and provide the infrastructure needed to make electric vehicles a viable alternative to gas cars. You can read more about "solar groves" here.

LA Bike Master Plan

The recently passed Los Angeles Bike Master Plan has been lauded by many as a great success. It certainly goes a long way, assuming it is actually implemented, towards making Los Angeles a more bike-friendly city. With miles of mass transit proposed for the region and a growing population, the need for transportation modes that support the transition away from a strict reliance on cars is essential. The fact that Los Angeles is warm and sunny nearly all year, and relatively flat in most areas makes an emphasis on biking all the more obvious.

My major criticism is that there are still not nearly enough class-1 bike lanes (green lines on the map), which are the hallmark of any world class biking city. Most people will remain reluctant to bike unless protected by some sort of physical barrier separating them from vehicular traffic. To understand the importance of physical barriers watch the video from Streetfilms below.

New CicLAvia Dates Announced

The 2011 CicLAvia dates are Sundays April 10th, July 10th and October 9th. April's route will be the same route as last October: 7.5 miles from Boyle Heights to East Hollywood. Later in the year, CicLAvia will extend the route in South L.A. and Chinatown, and further east into Boyle Heights.

Sustainable Communities Building Blocks

The US EPA developed the Sustainable Communities Blocks Program in an effort to help communities improve the quality of life for existing residents and manage future development while becoming more economically and environmentally sustainable.

The program "seeks to provide quick, targeted technical assistance to 20 communities using a variety of tools that have demonstrated results and widespread application. This technical assistance will help selected local and/or tribal governments to implement development approaches that protect the environment, improve public health, create jobs, expand economic opportunity, and improve overall quality of life."

The EPA's technical assistance will cover zoning code reviews, walkability assessments, parking policy analysis, climate action planning, commuter benefits, complete streets, and fiscal and economic tools.

A Request for Letters of Interest (RFLI) was released last week. Letters must be received by February 23, 2011. Use the link here to learn more and apply.

"Hedonistic Sustainability"

METROPOLIS published an article online recently on incorporating activity and pleasure into sustainable technologies. Drawing sustainability out of the realm of science and placing squarely into peoples' lives is essential for building public support and expanding our expectations for how sustainability ought to interact with the built environment.

Leave it to Bjarke Ingels to win a competition for his proposal for a new waste to energy plant by designing a 31.000 m2 ski slope. The competition, which yielded 36 proposals in fall 2010, was the largest environmental initiative in Denmark. With a budget of 3.5 Billion DKK, competing teams designed structures to replace a 40- year-old Amagerforbraending plant in Copenhagen with a more sustainable waste energy plant. 

Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) decided to approach their design in a way that truly celebrates the idea of sustainability. What they call “hedonistic sustainability,” refers to design that improves the quality of life, both directly and indirectly- ecologically and socially.

Physical exercise and fresh air are rarely associated with waste treatment plants. But here the ski slope reaches out to citizens and gives them a new recreational facility, even as it creates a new relationship between waste plant and city. It shows a connection between shaping a healthy future and disposing waste. And it employs the latest technologies in waste treatment, while focusing on environmental performance. This is not a hidden, isolated, utility structure, but a celebration of health and well being. 

BIG really topped itself this time. While the firm’s buildings continue to be green, innovative, and never fail to surprise, here they propose the ultimate in sustainability. The ski slope, made from recycled materials, sits atop a building wrapped in a green facade formed by plant modules. Beneath this living skin are new waste management and energy management technologies. This building takes the idea of mixed use to a whole new level. Shouldn’t all our buildings strive to do the same?

In Los Angeles, like most cities, sustainable practices are integrated into things like building design or streetscape improvements but rarely is the sustainable technology itself the focus of the design exercise. Ingels' design forces us to rethink our understanding of "sustainability" and conceive of new ways in which Los Angeles could leverage sustainable technologies (like waste to energy plants) as cultural and social resources. Creating a symbiotic relationship among these concepts can advance the sustainability of the region while also adding to its vitality and livability.

Metro Retires Last Diesel Bus

There's nice article from Steve Hymon at The Source on Metro's retirement of its last diesel powered bus (article link here). With this milestone, Metro becomes the only major transit agency in the country to have a bus fleet equipped entirely with alternative-fuel technologies. As the LA Times notes, the regional impact on pollution is significant:

In an urban area where diesel buses began operating in 1940, the MTA now has 2,221 buses powered by compressed natural gas, as well as one electric bus and six gasoline-electric hybrids.

Transit officials estimate that the elimination of diesel engines has reduced the release of cancer-causing particulates from the bus fleet by 80% and greenhouse gases by about 300,000 pounds a day in one of the smoggiest areas of the country.

Increasing mass transit ridership is undoubtedly one of the keys to making transportation and land use more sustainable for everyone in the Los Angeles region, but the way in which riders are transported is also important; a cleaner bus fleet is critical for improving for the public and environmental health of the region.

Design for Broad Museum Unveiled

Diller Scofidio + Renfro/January 6, 2011. Source: LA Times

The Los Angeles Times wrote this morning:

The architectural design that Eli Broad is scheduled to reveal Thursday in a news conference at Walt Disney Concert Hall wraps the museum housing his contemporary art collection in a porous honeycomb. The billionaire collector and philanthropist hopes the $130-million building will help bring about his vision of downtown L.A. as a bustling urban hive of culture and street life.

The three-story museum will be known simply as the Broad, although the Broad Art Foundation is its formal name. The wraparound bonnet of interconnecting concrete trapezoids is courtesy of New York architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro.

Lead architect Elizabeth Diller's term for it is "the veil," because it enables the museum to relate to its surroundings by providing slots through which visitors can look out on Grand Avenue, and passersby outside the museum can get glimpses of what's inside. Visitors will enter the museum at ground level, take an escalator bathed in natural light to the top-floor galleries, and return via a staircase from which they'll have views into what she has dubbed "the vault" — the storage facility on the first and second floor that will house all the art from the 2,000-work collection that's not on display or on loan to other museums.

Coverage of the unveiling has been extensive thus far. You can read additional coverage from Curbed LA, blogdowntown, LA Downtown News, and The Architect's Newspaper by clicking on the links and a review by LA Times architecture critic, Christopher Hawthorne, here.

Leaving an evaluation of the museum's green credentials for another time, the most significant planning and sustainability issue facing The Broad involves the transportation of the more than 500,000 visitors that Eli Broad anticipates will visit his museum and MOCA each year. Finding ways to ensure that these half million people do not all arrive by car is important for reducing congestion and pollution in Los Angeles. Of particular importance is the street widening of Grand Avenue from 2nd to 4th streets and the new public plaza proposed for the southern and western edges of the site. These two proposed improvements hold tremendous potential for enhancing the public realm downtown and making Grand Avenue more pedestrian friendly.

Source: Metro

With the regional connector planning to add a stop on the backside of the museum, it is doubly important that the City leverage the proposed public plaza and streetscape improvements as a way to create a strong connection with the proposed station, inviting museum patrons from throughout the Los Angeles basin to arrive via mass transit instead of by car. See the regional transportation map below for the variety of different locations that one could take the train to Grand Avenue. The regional connector is poised for completion in 2019, six years after the The Broad opens.

Source: Metro